Insulin is among the most important hormones as regards the control of blood glucose. Deficiency of this hormone or inability of the body to utilize it is a predisposing factor for elevated blood sugar levels. Such levels may lead to short term and long term complications. Insulin resistance occurs when the receptors for the hormone cannot utilize it. It is a common underlying problem in type 2 diabetes mellitus. There are number of things that one can do to reverse insulin resistance.
One of the first steps that one has to undertake is to modify the diet. The amount of carbohydrates should be reduced as much as possible because they are a direct source of glucose once they have been metabolized. They may result in persistent high levels of blood sugar and increase the risk of hormonal resistance. The general advice is that carbohydrates should be about one third of the meal.
Fruits, vegetables and proteins have a relatively lower glycemic index as compared to carbohydrates. What this means is that their ability to raise the levels of blood sugar is a lot lower compared to that of carbohydrates. It is for this reason that the amount of these foods should be increased in the diet as the carbohydrates are reduced. Also include supplements such as chromium, fish oils, calcium and magnesium.
Regular physical exercise is another important intervention that can be undertaken. There are two main benefits related to regular exercise. Among them is the fact that physical activity reduces the amount of central abdominal fat, a known predisposing factor to many metabolic conditions including diabetes. Another benefit is that during physical exercise, muscles contract and increase their uptake of glucose from the blood stream.
Stress has been shown to affect the levels of blood glucose. Prolonged stress may sustain the glucose at very high levels in persons at risk of diabetes. This is likely to cause resistance to the hormone and predispose to diabetes. The increase in blood glucose is mainly caused by an increase in levels of a catabolic hormone known as cortisol. Make sure you take time to relax regularly. Activities such as yoga, meditation and feedback are tremendously helpful.
Related to stress control is the need for adequate quality sleep. It is increasingly becoming evident that poor quality of sleep is a predisposing factor to diabetes mellitus. Some of the causes of inadequate sleep include long working hours, obstructive sleep apnea and noisy sleeping environments among others. The target should be to sleep for at least 6 hours every night in a serene environment.
Drugs can be considered if the lifestyle changes fail to yield the desired results. There are many alternatives that exist. Biguanides (of which metformin is a well-known example) are among the commonly used types. Their mechanism of action involves an improvement in the functioning of the insulin receptors. Another major group is that of the thiazolidinediones. The drugs in this group increase the cellular response to glucose.
Among the leading causes of type 2 diabetes is insulin resistance. This phenomenon is seen when the cells fail to respond to insulin in spite of the latter being present in the body in adequate amounts. There are several things that can be done so as to reverse this condition. They include regular physical exercise, stress reduction and diet modification among others.
One of the first steps that one has to undertake is to modify the diet. The amount of carbohydrates should be reduced as much as possible because they are a direct source of glucose once they have been metabolized. They may result in persistent high levels of blood sugar and increase the risk of hormonal resistance. The general advice is that carbohydrates should be about one third of the meal.
Fruits, vegetables and proteins have a relatively lower glycemic index as compared to carbohydrates. What this means is that their ability to raise the levels of blood sugar is a lot lower compared to that of carbohydrates. It is for this reason that the amount of these foods should be increased in the diet as the carbohydrates are reduced. Also include supplements such as chromium, fish oils, calcium and magnesium.
Regular physical exercise is another important intervention that can be undertaken. There are two main benefits related to regular exercise. Among them is the fact that physical activity reduces the amount of central abdominal fat, a known predisposing factor to many metabolic conditions including diabetes. Another benefit is that during physical exercise, muscles contract and increase their uptake of glucose from the blood stream.
Stress has been shown to affect the levels of blood glucose. Prolonged stress may sustain the glucose at very high levels in persons at risk of diabetes. This is likely to cause resistance to the hormone and predispose to diabetes. The increase in blood glucose is mainly caused by an increase in levels of a catabolic hormone known as cortisol. Make sure you take time to relax regularly. Activities such as yoga, meditation and feedback are tremendously helpful.
Related to stress control is the need for adequate quality sleep. It is increasingly becoming evident that poor quality of sleep is a predisposing factor to diabetes mellitus. Some of the causes of inadequate sleep include long working hours, obstructive sleep apnea and noisy sleeping environments among others. The target should be to sleep for at least 6 hours every night in a serene environment.
Drugs can be considered if the lifestyle changes fail to yield the desired results. There are many alternatives that exist. Biguanides (of which metformin is a well-known example) are among the commonly used types. Their mechanism of action involves an improvement in the functioning of the insulin receptors. Another major group is that of the thiazolidinediones. The drugs in this group increase the cellular response to glucose.
Among the leading causes of type 2 diabetes is insulin resistance. This phenomenon is seen when the cells fail to respond to insulin in spite of the latter being present in the body in adequate amounts. There are several things that can be done so as to reverse this condition. They include regular physical exercise, stress reduction and diet modification among others.
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